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While there is a similar approach to the basic operation of most fire extinguishers, there are some important distinctions in terms of the different types of fires that certain extinguishers are designed to combat. This article looks at the specific instructions for each of the main types of fire extinguisher in use today.

Water Fire Extinguishers Instructions

Take particular care not to use on deep fat fires or fires involving electrical equipment.

Point the hose to the base of the fire and sweep the jet of water from side to side over the fire. Even if the fire is spreading upwards, always start with the base of the fire and move upwards from there. When the fire appears to be out, check the whole area for smouldering material that could flare up again.

Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers Instructions

While this is one of the most flexible extinguishers, it should not be used on fires in deep fat fryers or burning oil. The powerful jet would not extinguish the flames, and could spread the fire further by splashing the burning fat around. 

Carbon dioxide extinguishers do not have the cooling effect of water, so check carefully afterwards as there is an increased danger of re-ignition. Exercise caution when using in a confined area as the carbon dioxide gas can be harmful to health. Ventilate the area as quickly as you can after discharging an extinguisher.

Direct the plastic horn towards the lower part of the fire and sweep from side to side as with the water extinguisher. Check for re-ignition and use again if required.

Foam Fire Extinguishers Instructions

Another flexible extinguisher, but not for use on deep fat fires.

One of the main uses of this type of extinguisher is on burning liquids such as petrol, diesel and oil. If the extinguisher is being used on a burning liquid, you should avoid directing it straight into the middle of the liquid as this will break up the surface and could cause splashing and spreading of the fire. If the liquid is inside a container, a good technique is to direct the jet at the inside edge of this (or an adjoining wall) and allow the foam to spread down and slide over the liquid surface. This avoids breaking up the surface and will then smother the fire. Failing that, direct the jet upwards, allowing it to fall gently onto the liquid surface, which also ought to avoid breaking the surface.

Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers Instructions

These are very widely used because of their flexibility, but like carbon dioxide, they have very little cooling effect. This means there is an added likelihood of a fire re-igniting, so care must be taken to watch for this. Disconnect the power supply if you are using a dry powder extinguisher on a fire near electrical equipment.

As with other extinguishers, the powder should be directed towards the base of the fire and a sweeping action used to move this from side to side aver the lower part of the fire. Dry powder can be used on flammable liquid fires, and if being used for this purpose the powder should be pointed towards the near edge of the burning liquid first, then work backwards from there. 

Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers Instructions

The wet chemical extinguisher is the only type that can be safely used on fires involving deep fat fryers. All extinguishers of this type come with a long applicator or lance. This is used to direct the chemical directly onto the burning oil, which should be done in a steady circular motion.

Key Points About Fire Extinguisher Use

Before tackling a fire, call the emergency services first, or ensure that someone else has done so.

Do not attempt to use a fire extinguisher to fight a fire unless you are confident about doing so.

Make sure you keep an escape route clear and do not let the fire get between you and your way out.

Try to keep someone else with you in case you get into difficulties.

These fire extinguishers instructions will help give you a basic understanding of the principles of using portable fire fighting appliances, but anyone who is expected to operate fire extinguishers as part of your workplace emergency plan should be properly trained in how to do this. This should include the opportunity to actually operate live equipment.

For detailed information on many aspects of fire extinguishers visit the author’s website. K Garrow has managed large public buildings for the last twenty years and has extensive experience of health and safety matters as they apply to the workplace. His website provides free advice on carrying out your own fire risk assessment as well as information on many other workplace safety issues, such as PAT testing, disaster recovery planning, emergency lighting and staff training.

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